Composition of industrial lubricants and additives

There are many types of industrial lubricant base oils, such as: pure mineral oil, PA0 poly-a dilute cinnamon synthetic oil, polyamide synthetic oil, alkylbenzene oil, biodegradable lipid oil and bio-based base oil. When they become certain industrial lubricants, they cannot be mixed with each other. For example, after polyethylene synthetic oil is mixed with other industrial oils, its performance will be significantly reduced.

Industrial lubricants have different additives in different applications. Hydraulic oil used outdoors must be suitable for local temperature changes, so hydraulic oil used in indoor closed environments cannot be used. In addition, the usage conditions of heavy-duty gear oil and molding oil are also different. Heavy-duty gear oil contains extreme pressure additives to ensure that it can be used in harsh environments. Molding oil is usually pure mineral oil without additives.

In most cases, a lubricant acts as both a lubrication and a cooling agent. It acts as a lubricant by reducing the friction between the tool and the workpiece. For industrial lubricants used in various occasions, chemical stability, thermal stability, friction reduction and load resistance (including extreme pressure lubricants) are the most common requirements. Lubricating base oils are mainly divided into three categories: mineral base oils, synthetic base oils and vegetable oil base oils. Mineral base oils are widely used and used in large amounts (about 95% or more). However, in some applications, products formulated with synthetic base oils or vegetable oil (bio-based) base oils must be used, which has led to the rapid development of these two base oils. Mineral oil base oil is refined from crude oil. The main production processes of lubricating oil base oil are: normal reduced pressure evaporation of radium, solvent deasphalting, solvent refining, solvent dewaxing, clay or hydrogenation supplementary refining.

In 1995, China's current lubricant base oil standards were revised, mainly modifying the classification method and adding two types of special base oil standards: low condensation and deep refining. The most important thing in the production of mineral lubricants is to select the best crude oil. The chemical composition of mineral base oils includes a mixture of high boiling point, high molecular weight weird and non-flavored oils. Its composition is generally alkane (linear, branched, multi-branched), cycloalkanes (monocyclic, bicyclic, polycyclic), aryls (monocyclic aryls, polycyclic aryls), cycloalkyl aryls, and Oxygen-containing, nitrogen-containing, sulfur-containing organic compounds and non-cinnamic compounds such as gum and asphaltene. Biological base oil (vegetable oil) is becoming more and more popular, it can biodegrade and quickly reduce environmental pollution. All industrial enterprises in the world today are seeking measures to reduce environmental pollution, and this "natural" lubricating oil has this characteristic. Although vegetable oil is high in cost, the increased cost is enough to offset the use of other mineral oils and synthetic lubricants. Environmental management costs caused by lubricants.

Additives are the essence of modern high-grade lubricants. Correct selection and reasonable addition can improve its physical and chemical properties, give new special properties to lubricants, or strengthen certain original properties to meet higher requirements. According to the required quality and performance of lubricating oil, careful selection, careful balance and reasonable deployment of additives are the key to ensuring the quality of lubricating oil. Commonly used additives include: viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, antioxidant, detergent dispersant, friction moderator, oiliness agent, extreme pressure agent, anti-foam agent, metal passivator, emulsifier, anti-corrosion agent, anti-corrosive agent Rust agent, demulsifier.