Introduction to commonly used lubricating oils
author: Ann
2024-11-05
Lubricating oil is a liquid lubricant, generally referring to mineral oil and synthetic oil, especially mineral lubricating oil. At present, the annual output of mineral lubricating oil in the world exceeds 20,003 tons, accounting for more than 95% of the total output of lubricants.
1. Lubricating oil code and its meaning
According to the provisions of GB/T7631.1-1987, the code of lubricating oil consists of category, variety and number, and its writing form is: category + variety + number.
Category refers to the classification of petroleum products, lubricant is one of the petroleum products, and lubricating material products are represented by L.
Varieties refer to the grouping of lubricants, which are grouped according to their application occasions and represented by corresponding letters: A-total loss system; C-gear; D-compressor; E-internal combustion engine; F-stator, bearing, clutch; G-guide wheel; H-hydraulic system; M-metal processing; P-pneumatic tools; T-turbine; Z-steam cylinder, etc., are the first letters of the variety column. In fact, there may be one or more other letters in the variety column to indicate further subdivision of the variety.
The number represents the viscosity grade of the lubricating oil, and its value is equivalent to the intermediate kinematic viscosity value at 40℃ (some are batch numbers, but it must be noted, otherwise it means 40℃), in mm2/s. According to GB/T3141-1994, there are 20 grades, including 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 22, 32, 46, 68, 100, 150, 220, 320, 460, 680, 1000, 1500, 2200, and 3200.
Example: L--AN100 means that the total loss system lubricating oil with a viscosity grade of 100mm2/s has a kinematic viscosity of 90-110mm2/s at 40℃, and the kinematic viscosity of the intermediate type is 100mm2/s.
2. Quality indicators of lubricating oil:
The quality indicators of lubricating oil can be divided into two categories: one is the physical and chemical performance indicators of oil products, and the other is the application performance indicators of oil products. (Mainly introduce several main physical and chemical indicators)
A. Color: The color of lubricating oil, like all substances, has a corresponding and fixed color, which is related to the refining degree of the base oil and the additives added. However, during use or storage, it will deteriorate due to oxidation, thereby changing color, and the degree of color change is related to the degree of deterioration. If it is milky white, it means the presence of water or bubbles; if the color becomes darker, it means oxidation deterioration or pollution.
B. Viscosity: Viscosity is the degree of friction resistance inside the lubricating oil, that is, the measure of internal friction. Viscosity is usually divided into three types: dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity, and relative viscosity.
Viscosity is the main indicator for the classification, grading, quality assessment, selection and substitution of various lubricating oils.
Dynamic viscosity: Dynamic viscosity is the measure of the internal friction of a liquid when it flows under a certain shear stress.
Relative viscosity: Relative viscosity is the viscosity expressed in conditional units measured by different specific viscometers. Generally, there are three methods of expression: Engler viscosity, Saybolt viscosity, and Redwood viscosity.
Kinematic viscosity: Kinematic viscosity is a measure of the internal friction of a liquid when it flows under gravity. The unit of measurement is mm2/s. In my country, the viscosity of lubricating oil is divided into 20 grades according to its size, which are called viscosity grades.
1. Lubricating oil code and its meaning
According to the provisions of GB/T7631.1-1987, the code of lubricating oil consists of category, variety and number, and its writing form is: category + variety + number.
Category refers to the classification of petroleum products, lubricant is one of the petroleum products, and lubricating material products are represented by L.
Varieties refer to the grouping of lubricants, which are grouped according to their application occasions and represented by corresponding letters: A-total loss system; C-gear; D-compressor; E-internal combustion engine; F-stator, bearing, clutch; G-guide wheel; H-hydraulic system; M-metal processing; P-pneumatic tools; T-turbine; Z-steam cylinder, etc., are the first letters of the variety column. In fact, there may be one or more other letters in the variety column to indicate further subdivision of the variety.
The number represents the viscosity grade of the lubricating oil, and its value is equivalent to the intermediate kinematic viscosity value at 40℃ (some are batch numbers, but it must be noted, otherwise it means 40℃), in mm2/s. According to GB/T3141-1994, there are 20 grades, including 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 22, 32, 46, 68, 100, 150, 220, 320, 460, 680, 1000, 1500, 2200, and 3200.
Example: L--AN100 means that the total loss system lubricating oil with a viscosity grade of 100mm2/s has a kinematic viscosity of 90-110mm2/s at 40℃, and the kinematic viscosity of the intermediate type is 100mm2/s.
2. Quality indicators of lubricating oil:
The quality indicators of lubricating oil can be divided into two categories: one is the physical and chemical performance indicators of oil products, and the other is the application performance indicators of oil products. (Mainly introduce several main physical and chemical indicators)
A. Color: The color of lubricating oil, like all substances, has a corresponding and fixed color, which is related to the refining degree of the base oil and the additives added. However, during use or storage, it will deteriorate due to oxidation, thereby changing color, and the degree of color change is related to the degree of deterioration. If it is milky white, it means the presence of water or bubbles; if the color becomes darker, it means oxidation deterioration or pollution.
B. Viscosity: Viscosity is the degree of friction resistance inside the lubricating oil, that is, the measure of internal friction. Viscosity is usually divided into three types: dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity, and relative viscosity.
Viscosity is the main indicator for the classification, grading, quality assessment, selection and substitution of various lubricating oils.
Dynamic viscosity: Dynamic viscosity is the measure of the internal friction of a liquid when it flows under a certain shear stress.
Relative viscosity: Relative viscosity is the viscosity expressed in conditional units measured by different specific viscometers. Generally, there are three methods of expression: Engler viscosity, Saybolt viscosity, and Redwood viscosity.
Kinematic viscosity: Kinematic viscosity is a measure of the internal friction of a liquid when it flows under gravity. The unit of measurement is mm2/s. In my country, the viscosity of lubricating oil is divided into 20 grades according to its size, which are called viscosity grades.
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