Introduction to Common Grease
author: Ann
2024-11-08
a. Calcium-based grease:
Calcium-based grease is made of natural fatty acid calcium (calcium soap) as a thickener to thicken medium-viscosity mineral lubricating oil, while synthetic calcium-based grease is made of synthetic fatty acid calcium thickened medium-viscosity mineral oil. It is a light yellow to dark brown ointment, not easily soluble in water, strong water resistance, and good pumpability.
Calcium-based grease is suitable for the lubrication of medium and low-load mechanical equipment in industry, agriculture, transportation, etc., such as small and medium-sized motors, water pumps, blowers, tractors, automobiles, metallurgy, textile machinery, etc., medium and low speed, medium and low load humid environment, working temperature <60℃ rolling and sliding bearings. GB491-1987 "Calcium-based Grease" is divided into four grades: ZG-1, ZG-2, ZG-3, and ZG-4, with a needle penetration of 175~340; a dropping point of 80℃~90℃. Calcium-based grease is an old product from the 1930s. Due to its low cost and good water resistance, it is still widely used. However, due to the low dropping point, the operating temperature is limited. Lithium-based grease is gradually replacing calcium-based grease in most occasions at home and abroad (medium and heavy loads, high working temperature).
b. Sodium-based grease
Sodium-based grease is made of natural fatty acid sodium soap thickened with medium viscosity mineral lubricant or synthetic lubricant. Synthetic sodium-based grease is made of synthetic fatty acid sodium soap thickened with medium mineral lubricant. It is a dark yellow to dark brown ointment. It is resistant to high temperatures and can work for a long time at a working temperature of 120℃, but has poor water resistance.
GB/T492-1989 sodium-based grease is divided into two grades, 2N-2 and 2N-3, with a needle penetration of 220~295 and a dropping point of 160℃. It is suitable for lubrication of friction parts in industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment that are not in contact with water but have high temperatures and medium and low loads. The operating temperature is below 120~135℃.
c. Aluminum-based grease
Aluminum-based grease is a light yellow to dark brown smooth transparent ointment made of mineral oil thickened with fatty acid aluminum as a thickener. It does not contain water and is insoluble in water. It has good water resistance and is suitable for lubrication of mechanical friction parts with humidity and low working temperature <50℃. SH/T0371-1992 only has one grade, ZU-2, with a needle penetration of 230~280 and a dropping point of 75℃.
d. Lithium-based grease
Lithium-based grease is made of mineral oil or synthetic oil thickened with natural fatty acid lithium soap as a thickener, while synthetic lithium-based grease is made of synthetic fatty acid lithium soap as a thickener and medium-viscosity mineral oil. It is a light yellow to dark brown ointment. General lithium-based grease has good water resistance, mechanical stability, rust resistance and oxidation stability. It is a multi-purpose, long-life, wide-use temperature grease. It is suitable for the flow of various mechanical equipment in a wide temperature range of -20℃ to 120℃. Lubricant for sliding bearings and lubrication of other friction parts. Suitable for lubrication of friction pairs in humid environments, large temperature ranges, high speeds, and high loads. Widely used for lubrication of mechanical equipment in various motors, automobiles, tractors, textile machines, mining, metallurgy, chemical machinery and other industries. There are three grades: ZL-1, ZL-2, and ZL-3. The needle penetration is 220 to 340, and the dropping point is not less than 170 to 180°C.
Calcium-based grease is made of natural fatty acid calcium (calcium soap) as a thickener to thicken medium-viscosity mineral lubricating oil, while synthetic calcium-based grease is made of synthetic fatty acid calcium thickened medium-viscosity mineral oil. It is a light yellow to dark brown ointment, not easily soluble in water, strong water resistance, and good pumpability.
Calcium-based grease is suitable for the lubrication of medium and low-load mechanical equipment in industry, agriculture, transportation, etc., such as small and medium-sized motors, water pumps, blowers, tractors, automobiles, metallurgy, textile machinery, etc., medium and low speed, medium and low load humid environment, working temperature <60℃ rolling and sliding bearings. GB491-1987 "Calcium-based Grease" is divided into four grades: ZG-1, ZG-2, ZG-3, and ZG-4, with a needle penetration of 175~340; a dropping point of 80℃~90℃. Calcium-based grease is an old product from the 1930s. Due to its low cost and good water resistance, it is still widely used. However, due to the low dropping point, the operating temperature is limited. Lithium-based grease is gradually replacing calcium-based grease in most occasions at home and abroad (medium and heavy loads, high working temperature).
b. Sodium-based grease
Sodium-based grease is made of natural fatty acid sodium soap thickened with medium viscosity mineral lubricant or synthetic lubricant. Synthetic sodium-based grease is made of synthetic fatty acid sodium soap thickened with medium mineral lubricant. It is a dark yellow to dark brown ointment. It is resistant to high temperatures and can work for a long time at a working temperature of 120℃, but has poor water resistance.
GB/T492-1989 sodium-based grease is divided into two grades, 2N-2 and 2N-3, with a needle penetration of 220~295 and a dropping point of 160℃. It is suitable for lubrication of friction parts in industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment that are not in contact with water but have high temperatures and medium and low loads. The operating temperature is below 120~135℃.
c. Aluminum-based grease
Aluminum-based grease is a light yellow to dark brown smooth transparent ointment made of mineral oil thickened with fatty acid aluminum as a thickener. It does not contain water and is insoluble in water. It has good water resistance and is suitable for lubrication of mechanical friction parts with humidity and low working temperature <50℃. SH/T0371-1992 only has one grade, ZU-2, with a needle penetration of 230~280 and a dropping point of 75℃.
d. Lithium-based grease
Lithium-based grease is made of mineral oil or synthetic oil thickened with natural fatty acid lithium soap as a thickener, while synthetic lithium-based grease is made of synthetic fatty acid lithium soap as a thickener and medium-viscosity mineral oil. It is a light yellow to dark brown ointment. General lithium-based grease has good water resistance, mechanical stability, rust resistance and oxidation stability. It is a multi-purpose, long-life, wide-use temperature grease. It is suitable for the flow of various mechanical equipment in a wide temperature range of -20℃ to 120℃. Lubricant for sliding bearings and lubrication of other friction parts. Suitable for lubrication of friction pairs in humid environments, large temperature ranges, high speeds, and high loads. Widely used for lubrication of mechanical equipment in various motors, automobiles, tractors, textile machines, mining, metallurgy, chemical machinery and other industries. There are three grades: ZL-1, ZL-2, and ZL-3. The needle penetration is 220 to 340, and the dropping point is not less than 170 to 180°C.
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Basic knowledge of automotive lubricants
