The cost of general engineering machinery equipment is very high, so we must take good care of the engineering machinery and extend its life. In addition to minimizing the impact of harmful factors, normal working loads should also be ensured when using engineering machinery. Let's take a detailed look at it below

1. Reduce the impact of temperature

During work, the temperature of each component has its own normal range. For example, the temperature of general cooling water is 80-90℃, and the temperature of hydraulic oil in the hydraulic transmission system is 30-60℃.

If it is lower than or higher than this range, it will accelerate the wear of parts, cause the lubricating oil to deteriorate, and cause changes in material properties, etc.

Experiments show that the main drive gears and bearings of various engineering machinery running in lubricating oil at -5℃ will have 10-12 times more wear than running in lubricating oil at 3℃. However, when the temperature is too high, it will accelerate the deterioration of the lubricating oil. For example, when the oil temperature exceeds 55-60℃, the oxidation rate of the oil will double for every 5℃ increase in oil temperature. For this reason, during the use of construction machinery, first, it is necessary to prevent overload operation at low temperature, ensure the normal operation of the low-speed preheating stage, and make the machinery reach the specified temperature before driving or working. Do not ignore its important role because there is no problem at that time; second, it is necessary to prevent the machinery from running at high temperature. During the operation of the machinery, the values ​​on various temperature gauges should be checked frequently.

If a problem is found, the machine should be stopped immediately for inspection, and the fault should be eliminated in time. For those who cannot find the cause for a while, the machinery must not be allowed to work with the disease without treatment. In normal work, pay attention to checking the working condition of the cooling system. For water-cooled machinery, it must be checked and cooling water must be added before work every day; for air-cooled machinery, the dust on the air-cooling system should also be cleaned regularly to ensure that the heat dissipation air duct is unobstructed.

2. Reduce the impact of mechanical impurities

Mechanical impurities generally refer to non-metallic substances such as dust and soil, and some metal chips and wear products generated by the construction machinery itself during use. Once these impurities enter the interior of the machine and reach the mating surfaces of the machine, the harm is very great. Not only will the relative movement be blocked, accelerating the wear of parts, but also scratching the mating surface, destroying the lubricating oil film, causing the temperature of parts to rise, and the lubricating oil to deteriorate.

It has been determined that when the mechanical impurities in lubrication increase to 0.15%, the wear rate of the first piston ring of the engine will be 2.5 times greater than the normal value; when the rolling shaft enters with impurity particles, its life will be reduced by 80%-90%. Therefore, for engineering machinery working in harsh environments and complex conditions, first, high-quality, matching parts and lubricating oils and greases should be used to block the source of harmful impurities; second, mechanical protection work at the work site should be done well to ensure that the corresponding mechanisms can work normally and prevent various impurities from entering the machine.

For faulty machinery, try to repair it at a regular repair site. When repairing on site, protective measures should also be taken to prevent the parts replaced during on-site repairs from being contaminated by dust and other impurities before entering the machine.

3. Reduce various corrosion effects

The phenomenon of metal surface being damaged by chemical or electrochemical reactions with the surrounding medium is called corrosion. This corrosion effect not only affects the normal operation of the mechanical surface equipment, but also corrodes the parts inside the machine. For example, rainwater and chemicals in the air enter the interior of the machine through the external channels and gaps of mechanical parts, corrode the interior of the mechanical parts, accelerate mechanical wear, and increase mechanical failures. Because this corrosion effect is sometimes invisible and intangible, it is easy to be ignored, so its harm is greater.

During use, management and operation personnel should take effective measures to reduce the impact of chemical corrosion on the machine according to the local weather conditions and air pollution conditions at the time, with the focus on preventing rainwater and chemical components in the air from invading the machine.

4. Ensure normal working load

The size and nature of the working load of construction machinery have an important influence on the loss process of the machine. Generally speaking, the wear of parts increases proportionally with the increase of load. When the load borne by the parts is higher than the average design load, its wear will be aggravated. In addition, when other conditions are the same, the wear under stable load is less than that under dynamic load, with fewer failures and lower life. Tests show that the wear of the cylinder will increase by 2 times when the engine works under unstable load compared with that under stable load. Engines working under normal load have a lower failure rate and a longer life.

On the contrary, the failure rate of overloaded engines increases significantly, and their lifespan is also reduced compared to the design indicators. The wear of machinery that is often in a wide range of load changes is greater than that of machinery that works continuously and stably.